All posts by Kenna

About Kenna

Kenna McHugh is an established freelance writer living in California. Her writing credits include the published book, BREAKING INTO FILM, Film Production book for inner-city kids, three screenplays, seven produced plays and hundreds of how-to videos on the Internet. "I love the challenge of writing because the end does satisfy the means. The writer is a valuable being. If the words aren't there the message isn't received. It is as simple as that. Give me a circumstance, a theme and away I go at my keyboard."

Is Your Screenplay Worth Submitting?

film careers, ,
David in Seoul
David in Seoul

Screenwriting Tips

David Freeman offers helpful screenwriting tips on the business of film and working in film as a writer. His experience includes delving into writing episodes for the Internet, another avenue for writers.

We chatted over coffee, discussing screenwriting. Because I had recently started writing for a client who needed outlines, treatments, and scripts for an episodic Internet series, we talked about screenwriting in general.

Overall, Freeman points out that, no matter what happens, you keep writing. I agree to continue to write no matter what. It’s so important.

“I’ve got a mental checklist of about 40 things that contribute to a great script. Few scripts, including my own, are close to having all 40. But when a script starts having about 20 of them, it starts looking pretty good.”— David Freeman

Screenwriting is Easy or Hard

We started our discussion about the lack of decent scripts available for purchase by a production company and the problem of finding an exceptional screenplay. “Every Development Executive in Hollywood would like to know how to find great scripts,” explained David. “I’ve found a few from my students and helped them sell their work. One guy got $200,000, with $200,000 more coming if and when the script gets produced. I’m working very actively with one of my students right now. I’ve got his script out all over town. Keep your fingers crossed.”

Checklist for Success

The $200,000 script deal, we talked about how he knew it was a great script.

“I’ve got a mental checklist of about 40 things that contribute to a great script. Few scripts, including my own, are close to having all 40,” explained David. “But when a script starts having about 20 of them, it starts looking pretty good.”

They’re not mysterious elements – like natural-sounding dialogue, unexpected plot twists, and so forth. I found that interesting, but David wanted to talk about his scriptwriting process.

“I have no typical day. I just sold a TV series to an Internet network, so I’m writing the ‘webisodes.’ A well-known manager/producer in town keeps me busy with script notes for his next cable movie. I’m outlining my next feature spec. And I’m always adding new techniques to Beyond Structure — David’s book. This year, I’ve had a lot of requests for script consulting as well. Of all these activities, my favorite is writing. But, I think I like the variety.”

Writer’s Schedule

With all his activities, David keeps a tight schedule. “I’m more alert at night and seem to do my best work then. I wish I were a morning person,” says David.
He prefers writing features to the Internet but is willing to do things that are way off the map for traditional media. “I’m having a great time with Internet stuff.”

Pitching a Script

David regularly pitches scripts, and his batting average is not bad. “The projects I set up at Columbia Pictures, Castle Rock, Paramount, Allied Stars (at Sony Pictures), Atlas Entertainment, David Kirschner Productions, and many other places were sold off pitches. I’m very comfortable in a pitch room, and I teach pitching on a somewhat regular basis. Writers have to realize that pitching has less to do with writing than it does with performance. I try and teach them how to make that transition.”

Acting classes, as well as a screenwriter’s education, help influence their writing career. “I studied cultural anthropology at U.C. Berkeley and even spent a year living in Africa,” explains David.

“I think it all helped me hone my observational skills. For instance, the questions you’ve chosen to ask me say a lot about you.”

I laughed and told him the coffee helps, too.

“Writers have to realize that pitching has less to do with writing than it does with performance. I try and teach them how to make that transition.”— David Freeman.

Writing for Film is a Great Job

Let’s hear it for those who lay their creativity on the line for everyone to see. That’s courage. That is one of the reasons I admire screenwriters and those who are just beginning.

Writing for Hollywood requires structure and determination. You need to know the basics before you start writing. Continue reading and scrolling down this article. There are insightful, if not fantastic, interviews with professional screenwriters describing their process.

Artists Medium

“Artists struggle more than a lot of other folks, and this can wear down their pride in themselves. Writers, don’t let this happen to you. If you remove artists from this world — the architects, the painters, the writers, the landscape architects, the furniture designers, the clothing designers, the people who design our cars — if you removed the whole lot — the world would be a cold and bland place indeed. Artists bring beauty and insight. They make our lives worthwhile. There can be nothing nobler than to let your creativity shine forth and to share with the world your take on the complexities, contradictions, and sometimes the humor of the human condition.”

— David Freeman

Workshops and Consulting

Over the past 10 years, David has developed specific techniques to address all these areas and more. “I’ve been gratified to watch the class become the most popular screenwriting and development workshop in Los Angeles. We get about 150 people each time we offer it. It has also been gratifying to see that the workshop has been taken and appreciated by the writers, directors, producers, and key executives behind The Fugitive, Total Recall, Runaway Bride, The X-Files, Law & Order, Saturday Night Live, and all the Star Trek series, and many other well-known films and TV shows.”

As for consulting, “I’ve set up my scripts, or projects I’ve developed, with Columbia Pictures, MGM, Paramount, Castle Rock, Atlas Entertainment, Buena Vista Television, and many other major films and television companies. Most script consultants I encounter can’t even write scripts. Am I the only one who thinks something’s wrong with that picture?” exclaims David.

Screenwriting and Screenplay

David sounded busy and wondered how long it took him to complete a script. “It’s hard to say…I’m always working on one thing or two things, pitching several others and so forth. Most people, when hired, are given twelve weeks to outline a script and turn in the first draft, and that feels about right. One of the shocking things about TV writing, which I haven’t done, is that sometimes writers turn in a script for a one-hour episode in one to two weeks. And, some of these scripts come out great. It’s pretty awe-inspiring.”

He sold a sci-fi series for the Internet, with each episode running 7 minutes. “I had to turn out five scripts in six days, and each script had to be a gem. I rewrote each script about four times — and each had to be a gem, like a complete short film with a beginning, middle, end. That was tough. Now it looks like those scripts are going to get me more Internetwork because they are good writing samples.”

David made a strong point about the need for writers to keep writing. Never go a day without writing because the more you write, the better you express your thoughts in words. The format and structure are important, but you need to write, write, and write if you want to be a screenwriter.

Script Consulting

David started Beyond Structure Workshops and script consulting because of the problems he encountered in his first screenwriting classes. “I was always told there was no easy way to learn what all the critical aspects of screenwriting success were. For instance, I’ve repeatedly told you about having a kind of inborn ‘knack’ for pulling off things like writing natural-sounding dialogue with subtext, creating emotionally and psychologically complex characters, and crafting memorable scenes that operate on several levels simultaneously. But if you ever want to write a film as great as, for instance, American Beauty, As Good As It Gets, The Matrix, or Trainspotting, you’ve got to be able to do all of these.”

Screenwriting Agent

David advises screenwriters to find an agent rather than hustle for themselves.

“Having an agent gives the writer credibility. Also, they’re instrumental, especially if you’ve got a ‘high concept’ script that you’re trying to get out to every major company in town on the same day. Now that I think about it, perhaps I won’t kill all the agents after all,” laughs David.

Still, a writer needs to know when the agent submits the script to an agent or producer. “That’s a tough one. You get it as good as you can, and you get feedback from various people who know scripts. Script consultants can help if the consultants are any good,” explains David. “But, as you’ve seen from some of my earlier comments, I’m a pretty harsh critic of some consultants since they can’t write. How can such a person guide you to improve your dialogue, for instance?”

Talking About Collaboration

Writing a screenplay is rewarding for any writer. A screenwriter needs to be willing to collaborate, as David confirms.

Below is an interview with the screenwriter and director Dan Gilroy with Denzel Washington. Gilroy wrote a fictitious story of a believable character. They talk about collaboration and the value of working together.

Beyond Structure

We talked some more about what’s happening with the entertainment industry. Our computers are becoming TVs; media saturation continues, and it will always be there. With that, don’t forget to unplug yourself once in a while. You can hang out with friends or go on a walk.

Unplugging can help you stay focused on the task at hand. Whether it’s creating a cutting-edge third act or figuring out key plot points, get away from the computer, devices, and enjoy life. Return to your problem with renewed determination.

Writing for Film, Television, and the Internet

David and I talked about techniques and how a writer can create a character that is much more in-depth and appealing.

We also discussed the advantages of writing for film, television, and the Internet, including On-Demand services like Netflix and Amazon.

Then we watched this interview with the late William Goldman. He is a true inspiration and a talented writer.

Characters Count

David and I discussed examples of characterization. “I know about a hundred ways to give a character ‘depth.'”

He shared one example: “Let’s say a boy in high school invites a girl with low self-esteem to a dance. The boy does it for the company and doesn’t care that much about her. But, as part of their date, he buys her some trinket — maybe a stuffed turtle. Six months later, we find that she overly treasures that turtle — it’s a symbol of something that she emotionally desires (in this case, affection from a boy). That’s one of those hundred techniques. I saw a case of this exact technique done while watching a video of an old episode of My So-Called Life.”

Character Development

We talked about the best professions a character can take on to make a story appealing. There are about 50 ways to make a character emotionally appealing, drawing us into a story. “If you artfully use these techniques, you make audiences empathize with someone in any job — a trashy woman like Erin Brockovich, a guy with the mental capacity of a yam such as Forest Gump, or any other profession. This statement is not meant to offend yams, by the way. I like them, and I liked Forest Gump.

“And, I’m sure this is the first interview you’ve done where the interviewee took the time and cared to let you know his feelings about underground tuberous vegetables,” jokes David.

Example of Techniques

Some examples of “rooting interest” (techniques which make us “root for” or empathize with a character):

  • One is to have the character with an artistic side, like Bill Pullman in While You Were Sleeping.
  • Another is having the character with emotional problems or insecurities we can identify with, like Ben Stiller in Something About Mary.

Hollywood Life

David likes living in Hollywood. “I get paid to write. And let us not forget the weather. Or the sheer beauty of places like Wilshire Blvd., which is often compared to the Swiss Alps, or The Valley, which of course brings to mind Paris, or Hollywood Blvd., which is hard to think about without thinking of Yosemite.”

Marketing Research

Writing a great script isn’t the end, according to David. “I won’t minimize the importance of marketing yourself. At the same time, great scripts have a way of catching attention. The biggest mistake new writers make is that they don’t read scripts by great writers. It’s a great way of learning, and it also lets you see how good the competition is.”

You need to be reading great scripts. Some websites offer them without charging. All you need to do is Google “screenplays” or “TV Scripts,” and you will find a plethora of scripts to read.

Learning How to Write

Sitting down and having a cup of coffee with David was an exhilarating experience because his creative energy pumped me up to write. I went home and wrote several articles and a short story.

Movies for Dog Lovers

animals, children, comedy, drama, family, movies,

Movies with Dogs

Kids and adults love movies about dogs because they are so unpredictable. Some of us grew up with Clifford the Big Red Dog movies and Hallmark dog movies. We watched them over and over again.

Dog movies are endearing to watch. We don’t know what will happen in the end. The endings are either sad or happy. The tragic endings, like My Dog Skip, teach a lesson. We watch them over and over because we know what happens in the movie. Even if it is sad, we still watch it again.

Dog movies are stressful because the dogs get stolen or lost, but are returned or found at the end of each film. The dog gets hurt, and there is an emotional reunion between the owner and the dog. Most of the time, the dog survives an injury with a happy ending.

An interesting point, not many dog movies are about girl dogs. Girl dog movies are rare because of discrimination. What is wrong with a girl dog movie?

Enough said, now, let us take a look at some incredible dog movies.

1. My Dog Skip (2000)

Based on a well-known writer’s memoir, My Dog Skip takes place during WWII and stars two great talents, Kevin Bacon and Diane Lane. The dog doesn’t get stolen, but Willie and Skip are fast friends as they turn bullies into friends and tangle with ill-fated moonshiners who threaten to kill the dog. A pretty girl shows an interest in Skip, who brings her and Willie together.

The movie’s conflict centers on Willie’s dad, who thinks he should have real friends rather than a dog. But Willie overcomes that as he grows up.

The most stressful scene is near the end when Skip runs away because Willie’s temper flares up, and he kicks Skip. He apologizes for his behavior, and Skip forgives him. All in all, it is a beautifully told story. Here is the ending where you grab a tissue.

2. Beethoven (1992)

Beethoven is a classic dog movie with several sequels. Kids should first see the original film because it stars Charles Gordon and the late Dean Jones. Both actors are brilliant. Gordon plays the father who brings the lovable dog home and soon finds Beethoven growing too big for his liking. Jones, cast against type, makes his scenes entertaining. He is an evil Vet who tries to kidnap the dog. Bonnie Hunt plays Gordon’s wife and the mother of their adorable kids.

Watch the movie, and you will notice several up-and-coming actors of the time, including Stanley Tucci, Oliver Platt, and David Duchovny.

A hilarious scene is when Beethoven comes in from playing in the mud. Gordon holds his own in the scene, but the dog steals the show. Another funny scene is when George (Gordon) hits the vet (Jones). Watching that scene makes seeing the movie worth it.

3. Hachi: A Dog’s Tale (1992)

Hachi is not like other dog movies. Hachi doesn’t go missing or get kidnapped. The film is based on a true story about a dog’s devotion to his master.

The story is about a dog’s loyalty to his master. Richard Gere stars as the owner of Hachi. Joan Allen plays Gere’s wife, and Jason Alexander (Seinfeld) plays Carl, the store owner.

The movie answers the question, “Why are dog movies so sad?” It is because the story is so good.

I don’t want to say too much about the movie because it is a simple but powerful tale. Make sure you have a box of tissues because the story is heartwarming and a tear-jerker.

4. Air Bud (1997)

Air Bud is your basic dog story, but he doesn’t get stolen. He ran away from the original owner because he had abused him. Bud is a golden retriever and has a knack for playing basketball well. He brightens up a high schooler named Josh by helping him play better basketball.

The best scene in the movie is when Bud has to choose between the original owner and Josh. It’s a long scene where Josh says, “Come here, Buddy.” Will Bud go back to the abusive owner or stay with Josh? Enjoy the trailer. I love the line, “Mom, remember when I had a hamster?”

5. 101 Dalmatians (1961)

Here is one of the few girl dog movies. I know I am pushing the envelope when I say it is a girl dog movie, but Perdita, the wife of Pongo, plays an important role, the mother of the stolen Dalmatians. Even though the Disney cartoon characters seemed entertaining, the movie was very stressful.

Cruella De Vil decides to steal the puppies for their fur. The clip shows wanting to buy the puppies. When I first watched the movie as a kid, I truly believed that an animal network existed, where all animals could talk to each other around the world and help one another.

With that, take a look at the bumbling criminals. They are funny in this clip.

101 Dalmatians Trailer

6. Show Dogs (2018)

Max is a Rottweiler police dog voiced by Ludacris. His latest assignment is going undercover as a show dog in one of the top dog shows in the world. His human partner Frank, played by Will Arnett, tries to stop a disaster in the dog show. The cast includes Stanley Tucci, Shaquille O’Neal, Jordin Sparks, Natasha Lyonne, Gabriel Iglesias, and Omar Chaparro.

The movie is filled with owners and their adorable dogs.
The movie is filled with owners and their adorable dogs.

7. Dog Days (2018)

Dog Days is a movie for those who like to see personal relationships with dogs motivate the union. It touches on the theory of how dogs look like their owners. The film is worth seeing because it’s filled with vignettes of owners and their dogs. The story meanders as the characters intermingle, and romance ensues.

Here is a cute and adorable story for the whole family.
Here is a cute story for the whole family.

8. A Dog’s Way Home (2019)

Charles Martin Smith directed this happy tale based on the book by W. Bruce Cameron,A Dog’s Way Home. The heartfelt story is as sensitive and genuine as Bella, voiced by Bryce Dallas Howard, and her adventure—a dog embarked on a 400-mile journey home after being separated from her deeply loved human, played by Jonah Hauer-King.

Bailey, voiced by Josh Gad, he also voiced Olaf in the "Frozen" movies.
Bailey, voiced by Josh Gad, also voiced Olaf in the “Frozen” movies.

9. A Dog’s Journey (2019)

Director Gail Mancuso creates a film about friendships that transcend lifetimes. A Dog’s Journey, the sequel to the popular movie A Dog’s Purpose, followsBailey. He finds his new fate and develops a permanent bond, driven by unconditional love and friendships. Thus begins an adventure through multiple lives filled with joy, friendship, and devotion.

During an interview with Mancuso, she mentioned that all talent and crew had dogs, except the editor, Robert Komatsu.

The movie stars Willem Dafoe as a man in a race against time and the elements.
The movie stars Willem Dafoe as a man racing against time and the elements.

10. Togo (2019)

Ericson Core was formerly a cinematographer but directed the Disney movie, based on a true story and adapted from the screenplay by Tom Flynn. Togo follows a sled dog. In 1925, Togo led a serum run. People viewed the dog as too small and weak to pull a dog sled during an emergency race to save the lives of children.

The movie helped me become appreciative and happy about life. I loved seeing an underdog prove its worth.

Arthur is a smart dog that helps a man achieve his ultimate adventure.
Arthur is an intelligent dog who helps a man achieve his ultimate adventure. 

11. Arthur the King (2024)

A true story about a dog who guides Michael Light, played by Mark Wahlberg, who is desperate for one last chance to win the Adventure Racing World Championship. Over ten days and 435 miles, a bond between a pro adventure racer and a scrappy street dog companion.

Dog Movies for Family

Dog movies are great family movies because the stories are real, even though some dogs play basketball or talk. The story can be distressing, but the tension adds to the movie’s excitement, making the happy ending even more enjoyable.

Most of the time, the dog steals the limelight because they are so cute, cuddly, and innocent, validating the fact that we watch these dog movies over and over again.

Ruby Dee – First Black Actress in American Shakespeare

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Ossie and Ruby

Ruby Dee was not only an actress but a poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist and activist.

Civil Rights

Often, with her late and talented husband, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee is a multiple award-winning actress. She lived through seven decades of accomplishments – first on stage and then on the silver screen. She lived to be an excellent ninety-one-year-old example of being a powerful woman.

Ruby Dee was a strong woman who held her own in adversity. She set a path for future actresses of any color.

Participating in the civil rights movement came naturally to her. Ruby Dee’s inner strength shone through in her performances and her participation in the civil rights movement. Her dear friends were Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.

In 1970, Ruby earned the Frederick Douglass Award from the National Urban League for her civil rights work. She once said, “I never remember, like, saying, ‘Well, I’m going to belong – join the civil rights movement.'”

“I never thought about myself as an activist when we were coming along. I love the people I love. I didn’t care whether they could be a Democrat, Republican, communist… anything but a racist.”— Ruby Dee

Ruby Starred with Denzel Washington

Academy Award Nomination for Best Actress

Dee earned an Oscar nomination for her performance in American Gangster (2007), where she co-starred with Denzel Washington.

Directed and produced by Ridley Scott, the movie follows Frank Lucas, played by Washington, a hardened American gangster. The story is a fictional account of his criminal career. He smuggled heroin into the United States on planes coming back from the Vietnam War.

American Gangster

Married

Born Ruby Ann Wallace, she kept her married name, Dee, after marrying blues singer Frankie Dee Brown in 1941. The marriage didn’t last long, and she ended their marriage about three and a half years later in divorce and married Ossie Davis in 1948. Davis passed away in 2005. Their relationship held steady throughout their years together, as they participated in the civil rights movement and helped other black artists succeed.

Ossie and Ruby at the 1989 Cannes Festival

“I learned that having great sensitivity is important. But being strong is just as important.”— Ruby Dee

Long and Happy Life

Her life included an acting career on Broadway, film, radio, and even television. Both the white and black audiences cherished her skill and talent. Her long and happy life with Ossie stands out most because they shared many interests, including cultural and civil rights issues.

They spoke candidly about their marriage because it lasted so long. Both Ossie and Ruth talked about having an open relationship in one interview, though neither acted on it. Ruby once said, “‘Commitment’ is a marvelous word.”

“Do The Right Thing”

Her talent shines as Mother Sister in Spike Lee’s Do The Right Thing. The 1989 drama-comedy launched Lee as a director, and he also starred as Mookie. Ossie Davis also starred in the movie.

Davis and Dee

“A Raisin in the Sun”

Ruby Dee was not only an actress but a poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and activist. She starred opposite Sydney Poitier in A Raisin in the Sun, where she originated the role of Ruth Younger on the Broadway stage. Her list of books includes children’s books, memoirs and spiritual reflection.

Women’s Rights Activist

Ruby, a vibrant and gracious soul, supported and spoke about women’s rights. She performed her poem Call All Women on the Sundance Channel.

The video shows her performing a version of the poem at a friend’s memorial service. The final words in her poem are hilarious because they convey honesty.

“I think all human beings have a godlike, divine power, only most of us don’t tap into it.”— Ruby Dee.

Shakespeare

As mentioned before, Ruby starred in several Shakespeare plays. Peers and audiences spoke highly of her natural aptitude and skill. Her first performance was Katherina in The Taming of the Shrew at the American Shakespeare Festival in 1965. That same year, she played Cordelia in King Lear. In 1975, she played Gertrude in Hamlet at the New York Shakespeare Festival.

Because she was the first black actress to play a role in a Shakespeare play, she opened the door for many talented black actors.

Build a Successful Career in Film

film careers,

Film Career Paths

Becoming a Makeup Artist

Laura decided she wanted to make this her film career, so she contacted some notable studios. However, they wouldn’t hire her because she wasn’t a union member, and she needed a job to join the union – a common problem for most who want a film career.

But she never gave up. She got smart and contacted several independent movie companies. She did her homework and found out that those who work on independent films are not necessarily union members. With persistence, she talked her way into a job as a makeup assistant on a biker movie, helping the makeup artist do whatever they needed.

As these things happened, one thing led to another, and eventually she got a job working on a horror film, helping to create and apply the monster’s makeup. Although the work wasn’t easy, she enjoyed herself.

She still works for independent film companies that produce horror, science fiction, and biking movies. She doesn’t have a union card, but she makes a good living doing what she does best: creating monsters in film.

Laura advises those who want to do special effects makeup to get a job selling cosmetics. “Once you learn the basics,” she says, “you can offer to do makeup for school and community theaters or talk to your friends into letting you practice on them. The important thing,” she asserts, “is to practice your craft.”

There are many sound jobs in film, from production to post-production.
There are many sound jobs in film, from production to post-production. 

Career in Film Production

ADR/Foley Sound Recordist

Mike came out to Hollywood from Chicago. He had no definite plans yet knew he wanted to work in film. So Mike wandered around, working in temporary jobs in the film business, going to productions, feeling awkward and confused, making many hesitations and some embarrassing mistakes. He worked as a production assistant until someone offered him a job as a camera assistant.

The camera assistant suited Mike well. He was responsible for tracking camera shots. He also learned to set up the “road map” for editors and other post-production people. The experience helped land the job he has now, an ADR/Foley sound recordist. He was fortunate to be trained for this position, and it is now his permanent job. He is a success story of making it happen in Hollywood.

When Mike started working as an ADR/Foley sound recordist, his company was non-union. Later, the local sound union stepped in to organize the company, and Mike was able to join. Joining the union opened the door to many opportunities for many different jobs. But his love is ADR/Foley because it requires patience and attention to detail.

What does ADR/Foley involve? The hours are super long. Mike sometimes works a 15-hour day. But he is a union member and is compensated with overtime pay. He came a long way from being a confused and awkward production assistant.

ADR/Foley Sound Editors

ADR/Foley sound editors are part of the Motion Picture Sound Editors Guild. Being a part of the guild ensures proper wages and health care benefits while watching your back.

To get into the union, you need a job in any production. Sometimes, directors are looking for temp work. Like, they have a big production and are coming to town.

They need someone in the office at the desk, making thousands of calls to secure five hundred extras for a major shoot in a couple of days.

It might not be what you want to be or do in the industry, but it gets your foot in the door.

Film Career Websites

Multiple film career websites offer details on how to get into the industry. You can Google “film career,” and the list is endless.

The sites offer more than the fundamentals of breaking into the business. Experts or non-experts provide feedback and any information they want to share with the visitors.

I noticed the sites deliver knowledge and terms used in the business, including links to other websites. You can find data on any profession in the film industry by googling it.

FX offers many jobs, from working on the set to post-production.
FX offers many jobs, from working on the set to post-production.

How to Do Special Effects

Learning Hollywood visual and special effects is a way for you to work with animation and model building for film, television, and video and computer games.

Every medium uses special effects today. Learning about Hollywood special effects can open the door to a magical, artistic career that influences millions of people yearly. Apply the following steps to gain knowledge about Hollywood’s special effects.

A green screen is a common form of special effects. After the filming, hundreds of computer artists build the imaginary set.
A green screen is a common special effects technique. After the filming, hundreds of computer artists built the imaginary set.

Movie Special Effects

Become familiar with the fields of Hollywood visual and special effects. Visit bookstores, look over, and study the magazines on visual and special effects. Even subscribe to a couple of magazines that stand out with vital and informative articles about visual and special effects. Take the time to visit websites that pertain to the topics. Get to know the industry so you know these fields in Hollywood.

You can find vocational schools or colleges that offer special effects technology. You get hands-on training in subjects like Basic Motion Picture Techniques for Animators, Screenwriting Fundamentals, Introduction to Film, Video and Computer Animation, Contemporary Animation, Animation Production, Directed Studies in Animation, Case Studies in National Media and Film and Related Art.

How Relationships Work

Based on what you have learned during your vocational training, establish a relationship with a special effects post-production house. Students often take on internships through their schools and get in the door that way. If you are more of a maverick, you cold call, offering your knowledge and skills to independent film producers.

The nature of filmmaking tends to create instant close relationships. You share the drama, trauma, madness, and magic of creating images and stories that move people. It isn’t hard to keep the relationships up once “that’s a wrap,” but it does take some effort. Projects change, companies move, and people freelance around. You become forgotten if you don’t keep in touch.

Learn about computer technology because computers play a huge role in the film industry.
Learn about computer technology because computers play a huge role in the film industry.

Film and Gaming Careers

Working in game design overlaps with the film industry because there are similarities with movie franchises, developing a game like Jurassic Park, or a game becoming a movie like Tomb Raider.

A bachelor’s degree in Game Design prepares students for the competitive computer and video game industry. They can join game development teams in studios like LucasArts, Electronic Arts, Nintendo, and Sony, and even work in the military, architectural and educational fields.

Even though designing games is not the same as creating special effects for a movie, they are similar and require computer engineering and great imagination. You work in state-of-the-art hardware and software locations where you immerse yourself in all aspects of computer and video game design, from storyboards to polished products.

The software game industry growth is not slowing down, and revenues are steadily increasing. According to DFC Intelligence Studios, they are looking for talented game designers to join their development teams.

Giganews reported that salaries in the computer and video game industries vary widely. Prominent designers earn significantly higher wages than the average, depending on job requirements. Research by placement companies suggests that the average annual salary for designers ranges from $35,000 to $75,000.

Hollywood Studios

Just watching the latest Hollywood movies tells you that the big players are putting a lot of time and money into visual and special effects, which span movies, the Internet, and video and computer games.

Other careers in the film industry include makeup, hairstyling, costume, set painting, and more. Whatever your career path, your success depends on building lasting relationships with those you work with on each production.

Successful Film Directors Explain How to Direct

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Film Director Basics

Directors are the individuals who “translate” the script from the written page into a film.

A conventional director supervises hundreds of people at a time, from scriptwriters to costume and set designers.

Directors are responsible for all technical and artistic aspects of the film.

They conduct auditions, supervise rehearsals and approve location, scenery, costumes, choreography, and music. In short, they direct the entire cast and crew during shooting.

They frequently have several assistant directors helping them handle extras, equipment transport, and arrangements for food and accommodations.

The director’s job is not an entry-level position. Usually, individuals start in another phase of filmmaking and then take advantage of the opportunities and then advance to directing jobs.

Get Directing Experience With Music Videos

Music videos provide experience for budding directors. Directors who started directing music videos include David Fincher, Jonathan Dayton, Valerie Faris, Michael Bay, and Marc Webb.

Successful directors are involved in all three phases of production, from beginning to end.

Some directors assume multiple roles, such as director-producer or writer-producer-director.

Whatever other roles they take on, as directors, they must know how to hire the right people, fire the wrong ones, and manage people so the crew works as a dedicated team.

Kazan Speaks About Being a Director

In the autumn of 1973, Elia Kazan, director of such classic films as Gentleman’s Agreement, A Streetcar Named Desire, and On the Waterfront, was honored by a two-week retrospective of his films at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut. After the program, Mr. Kazan gave this timeless talk to students. It is what he said about the role of a director.

“What kind of person must a film director train himself to be? What qualities does he need?” he asked. Here are a few: A construction gang foreman, who knows his physical problems and their solutions and is ready, therefore, to insist on these solutions…A hypnotist who works with the unconscious to achieve his ends. A poet, a poet of the camera, able both to capture the decisive moment of Cartier-Bresson (Henri Cartier-Bresson, a French humanist photographer known as the master of candid photography, an early user of 35 mm film) or to wait all day like Paul Strand for a single shot, which he makes with a bulky camera fixed on a tripod. An outfielder, for his legs — the director stands much of the day, dares not get tired, so he has strong legs. Think back and remember how the old-time directors dramatized themselves — by puttees, right?”

Patience is a Virtue

Kazan continues with his talk, “He also needs to be cunning of a trader in Baghdad bazaar — the firmness of an animal trainer — obvious tigers! A great host — At a sign from him, fine food and heartwarming drink appear. The kindness of an old-fashioned mother who forgives all, the authority and sternness of her husband, the father, who forgives nothing, expects obedience without question, brooks no nonsense — these alternatively. The elusiveness of a jewel thief – no explanation — takes my word for this one. The blarney of a PR man, especially useful when the director is out in a strange and hostile location as I have many times been. A very thick skin — a very sensitive soul – simultaneously — the patience, the persistence, the fortitude of a saint, the appreciation of pain, a taste for self-sacrifice, everything for the cause — cheeriness, jokes, playfulness, alternating with sternness, unwavering firmness. Pure doggedness — an unwavering refusal to take less than he thinks right out of a scene, a performer, a co-worker, a member of his staff, himself.”

Film Director Salary

According to the Directors Guild of America, the salary of a film director varies depending on the director’s talent and box-office success. Directors shooting a high-budget movie at $11 million or more earn a minimum $19,143. Working a week on a short film or documentary, directors earn $13,672.

If a movie production takes longer than a week, directors shooting high-budget productions earn $4,786 a day. In short films or documentaries, directors make $3,418 a day. Directors working in the industry earn, on average, an annual wage of $111,320.

Directors successful at the box office earn anywhere from $1 million to $75 million per movie.

Drives the Production

Being a director is a huge responsibility because the crew, cast, producers, and audience count on you to deliver a piece of professional art.

A director beats his heart and soul throughout the production from pre-production, production, and post-production. He is the drive that makes the film a believable and understandable story. He is the drive that makes the film a credible and coherent narrative.

So, if you are thinking of becoming a director, you need an open heart. You need to care about people in general. Then, you know you can care about your crew and actors. Otherwise, reconsider your desire or quest because a director is a people person and a technical whiz-bang.

Good luck with your career, and let me know about your successes.

Go to Film School or Not?

film careers, movies,

Film School or No Film School

Deciding on film school or no film school is a choice that will determine how you plan on developing your film career. If you choose to attend film school, you will need a ton of money. You will need to know how to build working relationships in school. Selecting a film school with dedicated and influential alums would be best. Many blockbuster filmmakers went to film school. Why should you go?

It might make your parents happy, but it puts a big dent in their pocketbook or credit score.

Some say if you’ve got the dough, you might as well go. At least you can cut your teeth by working on films in school and even producing your own as graduation criteria.

Knowledge is power. The more you know about the film business, the better off you will be. But do you need to go to film school to get that knowledge?

Further down the page, there are some questions for you to answer, which will help you decide whether to go to film school or not to go to film school.

Some say it is necessary to go to film school, while others say, “Why not just get a jump-start on your career—learn the ropes as you go?” Many blockbuster filmmakers never went to film school, either. Why should you go?

Cost of Film School

Some say you need to spend tens of thousands of dollars to get a decent education in moviemaking. They are living in the Stone Age. These days, all you need is Internet access to an online film school and the willingness to listen to some good advice. With Fat-Free Film, this type of DIY film school is just a mouse click away.

Independent moviemakers Joel Marshall and Kamala Lopez-Dawson established Fat-Free Film. It is essentially a series of in-depth interviews with members of the moviemaking community. Throughout the episode, interviewees-including Henry Jaglom and Peter Bogdanovich – weigh in on how to make it in the indie film world and provide some choice anecdotes while teaching the fundamentals of filmmaking.

No Film School

You can attend a film school with influential alums to build relationships. There, you can meet students who share your desire to make movies. Writer and director Nicole Holofcener told me in an interview that while in film school in New York, she met her producer for Walking and Talking. The film was her first feature that launched Catherine Keener, Liev Schreiber and Anne Heche’s careers. Holofcener noted that her producer friend was instrumental in getting the film made and into theaters. In the same interview, she told me that film school is an excellent idea if you have the funds.

The cost of film school ranges between $7,000 and $50,000 per semester. It depends on which film school you pick.

You can ignore film school, save money, and work your way up the industry later. I spoke with the owner of Puppet Artist, who works in the film industry. He told me he hires someone who isn’t fresh out of film school. He likes working with people who work hard and are willing to learn the ropes, not act like they know it all because they went to film school.

The list of self-taught directors and producers is endless. Steven Spielberg, James Cameron, and Francis Ford Coppola are just a few to name. Each one has their story of how they worked their way into the film industry and became successful.

Going to film school is expensive.
Going to film school is expensive.

“The beauty of our show is that it reaches places where there are no film schools. Places where our listeners may be the only person in their town or village who has any interest in the art of filmmaking,”— Joe Marshall, Founder of Fat Free Film

Fat-Free Film School

But Fat-Free Film doesn’t focus on the typical interview subjects like actors and directors. The school goes behind the scenes to talk to editors, distributors, costume designers, and many essential members of the film world. Fat-Free Film’s ultimate goal is to create a virtual community for moviemaking.

Marshall notes, “The beauty of our show is that it reaches places where there are no film schools. Places where our listeners may be the only person in their town or village who has any interest in the art of filmmaking,”

Marshall further says, “Trying to break into filmmaking can be a very daunting and isolating experience, and what we are trying to do with Fat-Free Film is reach out to each other, share our stories, help each other and create a network of people with similar interests and goals who can support each other.”

Film school gives you confidence but doesn't mean you'll succeed.
Film school gives you confidence, but it doesn’t mean you’ll succeed.

James Cameron Skipped Film School

Before he entered the film industry, James Cameron was a machinist and truck driver. His first job in the film industry was as a model maker on a film produced by the notorious low-budget film producer Roger Corman’s New World Pictures in 1979.

Cameron recalled the job to Paula Parisi of the Hollywood Reporter in 1995. He talked about the miniature work going well, and the live-action set work, too. Director Jimmy Murakami was having trouble figuring out how to combine the two elements. Cameron convinced him to apply the little-used front projection technique as the solution, and he was the man for the job. The Cameron knighted supervisor of process projection, and four weeks later, they fired the art director and asked Cameron to take the position.

Before he was ever on a film set, Cameron studied that technique in the USC film school library. He taught himself how to make movies, and he could see an opportunity knock while on the set.

Cameron’s next project was as co-supervisor of visual effects for John Carpenter’s 1981 film Escape From New York. Cameron’s work on the film mainly consisted of supervising model making and process photography. Once that project finished, Cameron moved right on to his next project, Galaxy of Terror, also released in ’81. On that production, he designed the sets, miniatures, costumes, and second-unit direction.

Talented newcomers worked for Corman and succeeded as filmmakers.
Talented newcomers worked for Corman and went on to succeed as filmmakers.

Best Film School is Experience

Cameron’s first shot at the director’s helm was for another independent producer. The association developed out of his tenure at New World, which made Joe Dante’s Piranha in 1978. Corman sold the sequel rights to two Italian producers, who needed a director for this tale of killer fish that take to the air to terrorize a beach of bikini-clad beauties.

Cameron’s luck would have it. In their search, they happened to visit the set of Galaxy of Terror while Cameron was directing a second-unit scene.

As he recounted the event in his career some years later, Cameron recalled that a scene he was directing was of a dismembered arm lying on the ground: “It’s supposed to be covered with maggots … and they’ve got it covered with this tub of mealworms. You can buy them in pet stores; they’re fish food, fairly innocuous little creatures. They’re pretty law-abiding; they don’t do very much…They’re supposed to be writhing around, but they just sat there.”

He formulated a solution to run hidden electrical wires to the slugs and deliver a few “inspirational” jolts. Just then, the two future Piranha II producers strolled onto the set to watch.

Cameron called “Action!” The cue for the technician, who was hidden out of eye range, to throw the juice. “The worms start moving like crazy. I say: ‘OK, that’s good. Cut.’ He pulls the plug, and the worms stop. I turn around, and these two producers are just gaping. I guess they figured out that if I could get a performance out of maggots, I should be OK with actors, so they offered me the film.”

The film industry looks for people who want to work hard and do a dedicated job.
The film industry seeks people who are willing to work hard and do a dedicated job.

Should I Go to Film School?

“Should I go to film school?” is a great question and requires weighing the pros and cons of going. The most significant advantage is networking with other people who want to work in film. The biggest drawback is the cost, with no guarantees of success. You still have to work hard and build your credits.

If you go to film school, give it all you’ve got and don’t waste the expense. If you decide not to go to film school, be prepared to build your film career by working hard and building your film credits.

In all honesty, getting a job in the film industry is not as hard as long as you are willing to work hard and be available to work anytime and anywhere. Once your film career is established, you can pick and choose your projects or create your own projects.

Film Career Success Story

Closing this article is a success story I received from someone who I helped get into the business by reading my book.

“About a year ago, I spoke with you a few times via email. I want to thank you for your invaluable advice.

Thanks to your emails and your book (which I read nearly once a month), I now have a full-time job as a video editor (it’s a great start), was offered a PA position on a feature film, was accepted (1 of 10 students) to the New York Film Academy, and have an extensive list of contacts in the industry.

The best part is that I am only 18 years old. I seriously doubt I could have come this far without your help. Thank you so much.”

Craft Services on the Film Set

film careers,
Craftservices created quite a spread in this production of The Couple Next Door. The castmates seem pleased with the munchies. Eleanor Tomlinson shared this photo on Instagram.
Craft Services created quite a spread in this production of “The Couple Next Door.” The castmates seem pleased with the munchies. Eleanor Tomlinson shared this photo on Instagram.

Craft Services Delivers a Quick Bite to Eat

Craft Services is a whole different way of feeding the cast and crew. The service is on set throughout production. It is a source of quick snacks, smoothies, espresso, water, and other delicious food that the cast and crew can grab and return to work. Some even stuff their pockets or Cinebag with granola bars, candy, apples, water, or licorice twists.

Craft services services the craft behind making the film, from crew to cast.
Craft services provide the craft behind making the film, from crew to cast. | Source

What is a CineBag?

Pouch Large Therapeutic Body Relief Device, Therapeutic Device Skin Care_AB

Pouch Large Therapeutic Body Relief Device, Therapeutic Device Skin Care_AB

Assistant camera person, grip, best boy, or production assistant: Use a Cinebag to keep your tools with you at all times. An AC pouch attaches to your belt and fits snug against the waist and hip. It feels comfortable, and I hardly notice it. That’s where I stuff my granola bars and licorice from the Craft Services table.

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What is a Craft Services Table?

A filmmaker needs to know about film production, which happens by working on a film set. Being a crew member in a primary film production is invaluable. With that, people working in the film business know about Craft Services and its table layout. They also know it is where informal conversations between cast and crew take place. People new to the industry and need to become more familiar with regulations; mistake Craft Services for where you get breakfast, lunch, and dinner. That is just not so.

Film unions and commissions clearly state that a hot, sit-down meal is provided by the film production company every six hours and is always prepared by a crew of caterers who serve buffet-style food from a huge kitchen on wheels.

Based on a strong rapport from prior work together or word-of-mouth recommendations, the production manager hires the Craft Services company. The production manager tells Craft Services what snacks and refreshments are for the cast and crew. A reputable company will have a price list and snack and refreshment options, which the assistant picks for the cast and crew. The daily rate includes purchasing a variety of food, water, sodas, etc. Special requests or dietary restrictions may incur an extra charge, but the FDA Allergen Avoidance Lists follow food allergy warnings. The law requires foods to state whether they contain one of the top eight food allergens (milk, egg, peanut, tree nut, wheat, soy, fish, or crustacean shellfish).

I find running Craft Services and creative job, finding a variety of yummy snacks.
I find running Craft Services and a creative job, finding a variety of yummy snacks.

Craft Services on Smaller Productions

For small independent productions with only a handful of crew and a couple of actors, a production assistant is usually responsible for Craft Services and picking up breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the cast and crew. I have held this responsibility, and it gets pretty fun. Craft Services on small productions rarely follow FDA Allergen Avoidance, and special diets are usually a quick request from a cast or crew member. The production assistant who takes on the task fattens up their resume. It is just one more stepping stone toward a higher-paying job.

Craft Services Works Long Hours

In most film productions, the Craft Services table is the magnet for everyone on the set. Don’t be surprised to find a producer chatting with the talent. Background and extras are notorious for flocking to the table when not featured in the next scene. It’s a place to load up on carbs, and everyone comes together for a nice bagel and cream cheese.

A decent Craft Services table is guaranteed to keep everyone on the set happy. Some of the most dedicated individuals will work at Craft Services. They work hard to accommodate the entire cast and crew for hours, and shop before and after the production day. The service is about filling in the long hours between catered meals or the final production hours, when everyone is banking on their overtime penalty fees.

While working as a background extra, I had a lot of downtime. My friends and I would make ourselves espresso drinks.
While working as a background extra, I had a lot of downtime. My friends and I would make espresso drinks for ourselves.

Anyone wanting to learn more about Craft Services can visit their union’s website—IATSE Local 80, which includes Motion Picture Studio Grips.

Keep Crew and Cast Happy

A filmmaker must ensure their Craft Services are crafty and willing to keep the cast and crew happy. It is truly the heart of the film set. It’s like free food for everyone. A popular Craft Services table will offer a variety of healthy foods, such as vegetables, fruits, cheese, and crackers, as well as junk food like chips and candy. A crafty table will keep a hidden stock of delicious food and bring it out when they sense a crabby crew that needs an uplifting snack for their hard labor, like smoothies or homemade brownies.

With each working day growing longer and even heavier when the equipment feels heavier, Craft Services is a calculated move by the filmmaker. The filmmaker is banking on a well-fed crew, and they’ll keep them happy. So, the crew and cast will work until the dark morning hours.

Craft Services Tips

Craft Services Challenges

Whatever the reason behind Craft Services, a filmmaker knows his crew works very hard. The hours can be unreasonable, and the elements can lower their stamina. They need nourishment with a good, strong cup of coffee and find it at the Craft Services table.

The average Craft Services worker has challenges, so the filmmaker needs to appreciate their talent. Consider the challenge of keeping a table well-stocked, clean, and constantly enjoyable throughout a production. The same-old-same-old doesn’t fare well with an overworked crew. Yet, they are tentative about the popular items and keep those well-stocked.

The elements are quite a challenge as well. A production is shooting on location in the blistering, dry and windy desert or an isolated forest high on the crest of a mountain. It’s not so easy to keep a refreshing ice chest of soda, juice, and water when the nearest place to buy a bag of ice is on the other side of the mountain range. Or the sun is beating down at 100-plus degrees. It does not hinder them from preparing large servings or snacks without a suitable kitchen. How tough might it be? Think about your last family and friends picnic or camping trip, creating a complete meal with all its ingredients, and serving it with serving bowls, serving utensils, eating utensils, dirty dishes, and leftovers. It is not a simple task and takes a professional with a kind and patient personality.

Breakfast rolls on the set in the morning make a quick grab and munch for the crew.
Breakfast rolls on the set in the morning make a quick grab and munch for the crew.

The Craft Services work this way without exception. All day, the cast and crew maintained a fresh pot of coffee and then went to a grocery store after the production manager called it a wrap. They purchase worthwhile edibles for the following day. While the cast and crew rest and unwind from the workday, the Craft Services worker is laboring and planning for the next production day. They are bent over a sink, rinsing pots, pans, and utensils while anticipating making a batch of cinnamon rolls for the crew in the morning. Knowing such a treat will ease the tension of production being behind schedule.

As mentioned earlier in this article, most Craft Services personnel start as production assistants. They work through various film production departments and learn to find the right job for themselves in the industry. Eventually, they realize Craft Services is their career because they enjoy prepping food. They make people happy by offering nourishment or a handful of Red Vines.

Help Crew Forget All Their Troubles

A filmmaker knows that keeping the cast and crew happy makes the overall production a breeze. Production crews work super hard; no other industry pushes its employees as hard as the film industry. Production crews start their workday when the moon is still high in the sky. Some crew rarely see their kids before they leave. When they come home, they’re fast asleep in bed. And on the film set, it can be backbreaking. The Craft Services’ task is to help the crew forget the troubles of long hours by maintaining a happy place on the set and lifting their spirits.

A successful Craft Services table tries to gauge the atmosphere of the film set. It’s like putting out feelers to gauge the day’s overall mood. Is the energy high? Is the energy sluggish? The cast and crew are quiet or chatty and upbeat around the table, looking forward to the next scene. A seasoned Craft Services will know that an hour away from lunch, stomachs growl, and the crew needs something to hold them over until the hot lunch comes from the caterer. Some excellent carb options like smoothies, nuts, trail mix, cheese and crackers, salami and crackers, and so on are on the table. They also know the director wants the crew to set up all the equipment for a massive shoot after lunch. Everyone’s dragging their feet. They prepare some food that will boost them into action.

All in all, a filmmaker needs Craft Services that reads the production’s energy. Sure, some are picky about their food. One or two people will not be satisfied, no matter what the Craft Services sets on the table. They are easy to notice because they come to the table resentfully. The table didn’t have the fruit and veggies they liked, or they wanted Pepper Jack Cheese instead of Cheddar. Even though Craft Services makes a note to get Pepper Jack Cheese and places it on the table the next day, the resentful look is still on their faces, never happy. Craft Services tries hard to make the cast and crew happy. They take pride in offering someone’s favorite cookie or apple because it is an art form that pleases people.

Breakroom or Hangout

The filmmaker can consider the Craft Services table the breakroom of a large company or a local hangout. Everyone’s favorite place to chill, take a break and have coffee or soda. All the gossip and excitement of the production is happening at the table. Cast and crew gather and network, too. Relationships are formed where friends begin and last forever. Even creative ideas are discussed or bounced around because the cast and crew are all artists. It’s an innovative environment where cool ideas and concepts take root and stay healthy with good food.

Baked goods and a fresh cup of coffee made many crew smile.
Baked goods and a fresh cup of coffee made many crew members smile.

Hiring Craft Services Crew

The filmmaker must ensure that the production manager hires a Craft Services team. The person or persons are not physically weak or feeble-minded. Loads of equipment are involved, like tables, coolers, espresso machines, coffee makers, hot plates, serving trays, paper products, and tons of food. They lift heavy products all day, loading and unloading. They constantly move products from the truck to the sound stage; other times, it’s up a hill or down a gully. No matter the location of the set, Craft Services stays prepared to keep the spirits of the cast and crew high. Since they deal with different personalities and attitudes, they need to be people-oriented, with a lot of care and responsibility. They have no egos. If they do, the filmmaker wants to avoid hiring them. Again, the set buzzes with unique and talented artists, but Craft Services must remain patient and easygoing, even as they work hard to keep everyone happy and healthy. Each person on the set has their own issues and personal goals. They could be thinking about their next project even though they should give 100 percent to the production.

On any production day, close to a hundred people work extremely hard and try to get along with everyone. And every so often, disagreements flare up, and tension rises. The Craft Services can’t be disorganized. They must remain strong and step in with a cool, refreshing treat or special surprise that nobody was expecting and keep the cast and crew working together in harmony.

Keep a committed Craft Services person on your film production team. A filmmaker needs a lot of muscle, smarts, and talent to produce a successful movie. And each department is just as vital as the other. They all support each other like they are a family or a clan. Craft Services is a significant part of the clan, keeping everyone healthy, nourished, and in high spirits.

Organize the Craft Services Table

Now, with all that in mind, the filmmaker needs to hire a Craft Services person or assign the task to a production assistant, because other essential tasks need to be done by the filmmaker. But keep in mind that no Craft Services table is the same. Each one has its own atmosphere and will differ from other productions. However diverse the Craft Services, each must be clean, organized, and helpful. That involves the table having individual snacks in baskets or lined up effortlessly. So, the snacks are clearly defined and separated for an easy grab. A filmmaker doesn’t want to see the crew scouring through boxes of warm soda or cartons of trail mix and teas. There should be a variety of fruit, chips, and power bars, but in general, keep the chips with the chips, the fruit with the fruit and the power bars with the power bars. Coffee is fresh next to the coffee cups, creamers, sweeteners, and stirrers. The Craft Services keeps coolers stocked with a variety of drinks and lots of ice. The trash can is nearby, with no scattered debris around it. In other words, the Craft Services person keeps the garbage in the trash can. Napkins are plentiful and weighted down if the production is outside. Outside productions need open items covered from the elements still accessible by the cast and crew. The table is kept restocked and clean throughout the production.

The filmmaker or production manager must ensure that Craft Services stays within budget. Set the budget and sign the contract, or assign a production assistant to the task. Oddly enough, if the producer appropriates money for Craft Services in the budget, the person responsible for the area will not spend too much on food and other products. The average cost per crew member is $15 to $20 per day.

Here is a simple shopping list for Craft Services for a small-budget movie. The list is not a send-all because every crew and set is different. It’s just something to help filmmakers who don’t know where to begin.

First, Craft Services must be aware of dietary restrictions or preferences. Special requests are common, such as gluten-free diets, no nuts, lots of nuts, vegan, non-dairy, electrolytes packs, non-sugar-free gum, diet Dr. Pepper, yogurt without sugars, cheese sticks, Starbucks coffee only, etc.

It is necessary to consider the set location. Is it inside, outside or both? Is it one location or multiple? Will production constantly move from one location to another? Are there any grocery stores nearby?

Do you need to wrap everything individually? Can you offer sliced fruit? A large container of Red Vines is a must. In principle, people would instead reach into their own bag of chips, but they can set out a fresh batch of brownies for a quick grab.

Basic Shopping List for Craft Services

There are many variables when it comes to Craft Services. Here is an essential list of items to have at the table:

  • Fruit (bananas, apples, oranges, tangerines – don’t need refrigeration and are easy to eat)
  • Chips (Large box of individual servings)
  • Granola bars
  • Coffee
  • Cookies
  • Trail Mix
  • Red Vines
  • Electrolyte packs
  • Gum and Mints
  • Sodas (regular, diet and caffeine-free)
  • Bottled water
  • Sports drinks
  • Hand sanitizer
  • Napkins
  • Trash bags

A filmmaker adds these perks to keep the cast and crew happy:

  • Espresso Bar
  • Veggie tray with dip
  • Hummus and Pita
  • Variety of Cheeses and Cold meats
  • Grapes
  • Bagels and cream cheese
  • Olives
  • Yogurt
  • Simple Wraps (cheese, chicken salad, vegan)
  • Plastic ware
  • Small plates
  • Sliced bread (for peanut butter and jelly sandwiches)
  • Peanut butter
  • Jelly
  • Fruit Tray

The Bottom Line

Finally, the filmmaker needs to invest in high-quality Craft Services. The table makes all the difference on the film set, from cast to crew. It’s not an easy job, so be selective in choosing the person willing to bend over backwards to keep the cast and crew happy, healthy, and nourished.

Get a Lead Role in a Minor or Major Film?

film careers,
Supporting yourself as an actor is not an easy job. It takes learning your craft, courage, and determination.
Supporting yourself as an actor is not easy. It takes learning your craft, courage, and determination. | Source

“We ape, we mimic, we mock. We act.”— Laurence Olivier

Actor: Landing a Role and How to become a working actor?

Actors, of course, perform in front of the cameras rather than work behind the scenes. It’s essential to know about the jobs that actors do, even if you plan on working behind the camera or if you want to work in front of the camera — especially as some very famous ones have become writers, producers, and directors (and combinations thereof).

It is conventional for actors to take on multiple roles in film production behind and in front of the camera. Prime examples of these “Renaissance People” include the late Paul Newman, Tom Cruise, Robert Redford, John Travolta, Woody Allen, Angelica Huston, Tim Robbins, Goldie Hawn, Diane Keaton, and Mel Gibson. I am sure you can think of some “Renaissance People” too.

Actors entertain and communicate with the audience through their interpretation of dramatic roles. They learn how to develop characters, memorize lines, be in the light, act in front of the camera, and follow directions.

Only a small number of actors achieve widespread recognition in film. In the majority, most actors live very comfortably playing roles on television, film, or stage and are recognized here and there on occasion. The Screen Actors Guild is a strong union that takes good care of its members, so even small parts or supporting roles keep an actor well-fed with health care and other benefits.

I’ve worked in front of the camera and behind the camera. Actors have it easy. Sorry folks, but you do.

Film Jobs: Feature Extra or Stunt Work

Some actors start as “extras” (the people in the background of the film) with no lines, while others are cast in supporting roles or walk-ons. Walk-ons usually have five lines and work one day. A “feature extra” may be used for the same film repeatedly, without dialogue but lots of camera time and many days of work – making good money.

What do stunt actors do?

Then there are stunt people who take on the more dangerous work, performing such stunts as driving cars in chase scenes, falling from buildings and other high places, or “fighting” for the principal actors.

I know a stuntwoman who also worked as an actor. Sometimes a film will require a stunt person to be an actor because of how the director shot a scene. This particular scene in Denzel Washington’s Training Day required a close-up.

Most acting jobs are achieved through agents. If they are non-union, beginners and lesser-known actors usually register themselves, for a small fee, with several casting directors, who invite them to auditions that may lead to acting assignments.

Casting Director or Agent

What is the difference between a casting director and an agent?

Sometimes, people relatively new to the film business mix up casting directors and agents. The casting director helps the director find the perfect cast for the movie, and an agent works with the actor and director to negotiate a role in the film.

It can get a bit confusing, but a union town keeps the two jobs separate. In non-union cities, the casting director often wears both hats as a casting director and as an agent, because that is how the movie production gets cast – it’s rare, but it does happen.

How long does it take to land a role in a movie?

Although a few actors find parts in feature films straight out of drama school, most spend many years supporting themselves by working in or out of the industry. Some actors work behind the camera to learn the film business. Some actors have gotten jobs at talent agencies or casting companies. Here they understand the process of setting up auditions and casting for commercials, film, and television. Hence, they get the whole picture of how the audition process works, which could help the actor nail an audition and get a role in a film.

I met a casting director who used to be an actor, so careers can change around either way. The key is never to give up and keep working in the business.

Acting Professional Credits

The crucial point in landing a role in a film is to build up your credits as an actor. The credits include theatre, commercials, independent movies, improv, and stand-up comedy. The more you do as an actor, the more chances you have of landing a role.

You must take acting classes at a reputable school. In NYC and LA, there are tons of schools. You need to ask around and find one that fits your technique or comfort. Most acting schools allow newbies to audit a class to see if the school is right for them. These schools are not cheap. They are expensive, so choose wisely.

There is one school I can recommend in LA because I know the founders indirectly and heard nothing but good things. It is called The Acting Center. Professional actors like Nancy Cartwright, Marion Ross, and Juliette Lewis offer their help and personal insight into the business.

Study and Work Your Craft

Actors need to practice and study their craft. Laurence Olivier says it best, “The office of drama is to exercise, possibly to exhaust, human emotions. The purpose of comedy is to tickle those emotions into an expression of light relief, of tragedy, to wound them and bring the relief of tears. Disgust and terror are the other points of the compass.”

To be successful, you need to work your craft and be darn good at what you do. Laurence Olivier wrote several books about his career. I read his book called On Acting, and it is a source of vital information on Acting. The most outstanding actor of our time wrote the book at 79. After reading his book, I landed acting gigs. His advice is sound and easy to follow. It is an inspiration and insight into an actor’s life.

I wish you the best and a successful career.

“I’d like people to remember me as a diligent expert workman. I think a poet is a workman. I think Shakespeare was a workman. And God’s a workman. I don’t think there’s anything better than a workman.”— Laurence Olivier

Get a Job in Hollywood

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How to Get a Job in Hollywood

Get your foot inside the magical Hollywood door.

You want a career in the movie business, but you need the experience of having your first break in the film industry before you can get a job. You can choose internships or volunteering. In other words, you must demonstrate the ability to do whatever is needed and do it well with no or low pay. Once you are in and do a professional job, the opportunity to work is always available. Most important to the process, however, is that you are willing, in the beginning, to work for low pay or even for free. The idea is to accumulate a list of credits- a portfolio, a reputation.

Production Assistant

Here is an example of what not to do – this happened:

Production Manager: “The job is a six-day shoot. We need a couple of PAs to do everything.”

Applicant: “Okay.”

PM: “Saturday is an early call – 3 AM.”

Applicant: “Wow! That is early.”

PM: “Do you know how to build IKEA furniture?”

Applicant: “I don’t build IKEA furniture. I tried that, and I am not good at it.”

PM: “Well, send me your resume…”

The applicant didn’t get the job because of his response to the earlier call, “I don’t build IKEA…”

Here is an example of what to do:

Production Manager: “The job is a six-day shoot. We need a couple of PAs to do everything.”

Applicant: “I am willing to do whatever you need.”

PM: “Saturday is an early call – 3 AM.”

Applicant: “No problem. I will be there.”

PM: “Do you know how to build IKEA furniture?”

Applicant: “Sure. I’ve done that before.”

PM: “Good! What is the best way to reach you…”

The applicant got the job because he responded positively and was willing to do whatever was needed. Even if he failed at IKEA furniture before, it doesn’t mean he will come again. The point is, he will try. He is willing. Production managers need an upbeat crew without creating problems on the set with “I can’t do that.”

Work on Local Film and Television Jobs

Hollywood hires based on reputation and perseverance. You know who you know is another way to get your foot in the door.

It would help if you built a portfolio of decent and reputable work. Build a resume by being willing to take on whatever task the production offers at whatever pay the company provides, even if that’s nil.

Like a production assistant, an entry-level job pays an average flat rate of $125-$250 a day, including meals. As a production assistant, the best pay rate I experienced was $250 for 12 hours, including overtime.

Nevertheless, please don’t get too excited because you may still find it hard to attract any work by offering your services for free. The unpaid crew requires insurance, guidance, and food. It even costs the production time and money to hire you.

Your best opportunity to build your portfolio is to work on smaller independent shoots where the production, most likely, can’t afford to pay you or feed you well. On the upside, track these shoots down and volunteer! Once your resume shows the depth of your experience, you can aim for bigger crews on larger shoots and better pay.

It is most beneficial to start making contacts in your local area. You can contact your local film commission and see if they have a hotline number or a website promoting jobs. Most big-city film commissions do. Check with your film commission weekly to see if a production company is coming to town. Take the time to visit the film commission office, make yourself known, hang around a bit, and help the office. The production companies sometimes leave a contact number with the film commission.

Some cities or regions create a film production directory for companies to use when they come to the area. Some guides charge for listing your services, while others offer it for free.

You can Google “film production directories [enter state] and examine what comes up. The California Film Commission office maintains a website for California, and the link is at the end of this article.

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Places to Find Jobs in Hollywood

The film industry is a creative business, so be creative and come up with unique ways to find work. As you call these contacts, make sure you find out about other productions coming up and their contact numbers – in other words, network. Tell them you’ll call back if they are too busy to talk. Be courteous.

Here are some general numbers and websites to contact for information on film work in the area. My book, Breaking Into Film, comprehensively lists film work resources.

  • California Film Commission — 800-858-4749
  • San Francisco Film Commission Hotline — (415) 554-6244
  • New York Film Commission — 212-803-2330
  • New York City Film Commission — 212-489-6710
  • Texas Film Commission — 512-463-9200
  • Chicago Film Office — 312-744-6415
  • Illinois Film Office – 312-814-3600
  • New Mexico Film Office – 800-545-9871
  • The City of Seattle Film Office – 206-684-0903

Update Your Resume

Like any career, building your credits in a competitive industry means you are a professional. Act like a professional. People see you as a professional. Film careers last a long time because those individuals are professionals. Never do half of what your true potential is capable of doing. Learn, be alert, work hard, and be friendly and helpful. Hollywood needs people like you.

Aretha Franklin Queen of Soul

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“There are singers then there is Aretha. She towers above the rest. Others are good, but Aretha is great. She’s my only sure-enough sister.”— Ray Charles

Aretha Franklin Concert Review

The more I hear Aretha Franklin sing, the more I look for her songs. The more I hear about her, the more I want to know. Have you read any Aretha Franklin concert reviews that mention her greatest hits? You discover none of them discuss her jazz songs. Why is that?

Recordings that uniformly come up are “Amazing Grace,” “Think,” “Respect,” “I Say a Little Prayer,” “Chain of Fools,” “Baby I Love You,” “I Never Loved a Man,” and “The House That Jack Built.”

If you google “jazz music,” Franklin’s jazz showcase appears. Now is your chance to hear a gifted and talented jazz singer. As you listen to her voice, she sings riveting jazz band music, lifting the whole arrangement onto a soul quest.

It might sound corny, but Franklin is the ultimate singer who sang anything and sang better than anybody.

Aretha Franklin is Soul

Most agree that Aretha Franklin is the “Queen of Soul.” She undeniably is the singer of the American pop culture. She epitomizes the soul as the central part of her gospel label. She brings a rhythm to each rendition. It’s like a new soul waking up each time someone hears her songs.

Jazz Festival USA

A few jazz fans fail to see her as the main attraction at jazz festivals. Nevermore wrong, Aretha Franklin is a talented jazz singer and performed jazz renditions throughout her career. She even performed at the White House for jazz night.

“Being a singer is a natural gift. It means I’m using to the highest degree possible the gift that God gave me to use. I’m happy with that.”— Aretha Franklin

Franklin Performing at the Kennedy Center Honors

Close Family Ties

Franklin hailed from a house of a gospel minister, Reverend C.L. Franklin. During the 1950s, Aretha and her sisters Carolyn and Erma sang in their father’s church. All three earned recording contacts.

Franklin Sing Amazing Grace

Amazing Grace is a documentary about Franklin recording her “Amazing Grace” in a South Los Angeles church. The event took place in 1972 in a packed church.

Gospel Label

Aretha Franklin began her first recordings at the age of 14. Gospel artist in her own right and just a gospel-folk tale, Motown approached her, and she signed with the budding recording label. Contrary to that story, John Hammond, who is legendary as a talent scout, signed her with Columbia and started her recording career.

Jazz Music Songs

After discovering Motown’s fabricated story, I continued my research and learned that Franklin had started singing Jazz while recording at Columbia. In the early 1960s, she recorded some R&B hits while earning a Top Forty single “Rock-a-bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody.”

For all that, while at Columbia, Franklin tried developing her niche or style as a recording artist. Several of her recordings included uptown Jazz. Her Columbia CD “Jazz to Soul” shares some renditions of her jazz potential with songs like “Less Cross,” “Walk on By,” and “Skylark.”

Jazz Wealth

Although speculation about Franklin’s aspirations to sing Jazz gradually died down at Columbia, as things go, when focusing on popular material and production. She dreamt of experimenting with her vocal talents even more in the jazz genre.

Luckily, I found a small number of upbeat recordings by Columbia on various LPs. She lifts her voice, singing jazzy renditions with undeniable passion.

“Music does a lot of things for a lot of people. It’s transporting, for sure. It can take you right back, years back, to the very moment certain things happened in your life. It’s uplifting, it’s encouraging, it’s strengthening.”— Aretha Franklin

Aretha Franklin Greatest Hits

Aretha Franklin split with Columbia and made a lasting and profitable impression at Atlantic Records. Her vocal talent not only brought success to Atlantic Records but also enabled her to cross over from soul and R&B to pop without a hitch. She arrived in black music at a time that propelled her to fame, appealing to all levels of society.

Newport Jazz Festival

Prevailing, she vocalized her best at popular Jazz festivals around the world. Some notable ones are Toronto, Newport, and Montreux, Switzerland.

During her Golden Years before she passed away, I liked listening to her rendition of “Brand New Me,” the opener for the Newport Jazz Festival 2008, which is truly a gift from the Heavens. I strongly recommend you take the time and listen to her belt this song out. It is like Jazz in the garden. Listening and looking too, you meet the one and only “Queen of Soul.”